Cambridge Notes
IGCSE
Biology
Topic 21.21.2

Biology 21.21.2 Notes — IGCSE

Cambridge IGCSE Biology (0610) revision notes — topic 21.21.2. Syllabus-aligned key concepts for CAIE exam preparation.

1. Characteristics and classification of living organisms

1.1 Characteristics of living organisms
1.2 Concept and uses of classification systems
1.3 Features of organisms

2. Organisation of the organism

2.1 Cell structure

3. Movement into and out of cells

3.1 Diffusion 2
3.2 Osmosis
3.3 Active transport

4. Biological molecules

4.1 Biological molecules

5. Enzymes

5.1 Enzymes 1

6. Plant nutrition

6.1 Photosynthesis
6.2 Leaf structure

7. Human nutrition

7.1 Diet
7.2 Digestive system
7.3 Physical digestion
7.4 Chemical digestion
7.5 Absorption 1

8. Transport in plants

8.1 Xylem and phloem
8.2 Water uptake
8.3 Transpiration
8.4 Translocation

9. Transport in animals

9.2 Heart
9.3 Blood vessels
9.4 Blood

10. Diseases and immunity

10.1 Diseases and immunity

11. Gas exchange in humans

11.1 Gas exchange in humans

12. Respiration

12.1 Respiration
12.3 Anaerobic respiration

13. Excretion in humans

13.1 Excretion in humans

14. Coordination and response

14.1 Coordination and response 2
14.2 Sense organs
14.3 Hormones
14.4 Homeostasis 3
14.5 Tropic responses 1

16. Reproduction

16.1 Asexual reproduction
16.2 Sexual reproduction
16.3 Sexual reproduction in plants 3
16.4 Sexual reproduction in humans
16.5 Sex hormones in humans
16.6 Sexually transmitted infections

17. Inheritance

17.1 Chromosomes genes and proteins
17.3 Meiosis
17.4 Monohybrid inheritance

18. Variation and selection

18.1 Variation
18.2 Adaptive features
18.3 Selection 2

19. Organisms and their environment

19.2 Food chains and food webs
19.3 Nutrient cycles
19.4 Populations

20. Human influences on ecosystems

20.1 Food supply
20.2 Habitat destruction
20.3 Pollution
20.4 Conservation

21. Biotechnology and genetic modification

21.1 Biotechnology and genetic modification
21.2 Biotechnology
21.3 Genetic modification 1

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