Cambridge Notes
AS & A Level
Biology
Topic 4.4.2

Biology 4.4.2 Notes — AS & A Level

Cambridge AS & A Level Biology (9700) revision notes — topic 4.4.2. Syllabus-aligned key concepts for CAIE exam preparation.

1. Cell structure

1.1 The microscope in cell studies
1.2 Cells as the basic units of living organisms

2. Biological molecules

2.1 Testing for biological molecules
2.2 Carbohydrates and lipids
2.3 Proteins
2.4 Water

3. Enzymes

3.1 Mode of action of enzymes
3.2 Factors that affect enzyme action

4. Cell membranes and transport

4.1 Fluid mosaic membranes
4.2 Movement into and out of cells

5. The mitotic cell cycle

5.1 Replication and division of nuclei and cells
5.2 Chromosome behaviour in mitosis

6. Nucleic acids and protein synthesis

6.1 Structure of nucleic acids and replication of DNA
6.2 Protein synthesis

7. Transport in plants

7.1 Structure of transport tissues
7.2 Transport mechanisms

8. Transport in mammals

8.1 The circulatory system
8.2 Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
8.3 The heart

9. Gas exchange

9.1 The gas exchange system

10. Incounter diseases

10.1 Infectious diseases
10.2 Antibiotics

11. Immunity

11.1 The immune system
11.2 Antibodies and vaccination

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